Linux is undeniably one of the most important skills for any programmer. The command-line interface not only helps you save time but is also sometimes the only way to do stuff. There are some basic commands which you might be knowing but out here we’ll see some commands which will be one step ahead of these. Please note that all these commands have been tested for ubuntu distribution. So, without further ado, let’s look at the first command.
1) mkdir -p {fol1, fol2}/{fol1, fol2, fol3}So you may know we use the ‘mkdir’ command to make a directory. But what if we need to make multiple directories and multiple subdirectories for each of the directories?
We can make use of the argument -p to make the sub-directories. This will take care of all the permutations. So we’ll have fol1 directory which will have fol1, fol2, fol3 directories and fol2 directory which will have fol1, fol2, fol3 directories. You can also create hundreds of folders by just writing 1..100
mkdir -p folder/{1..100}/{1..100}2) treeThe second is the ‘tree’ command which gives you a nice representation of your subdirectories. It is not present in the terminal by default so you need to install it via sudo apt-get install tree.
And you can see how this works. Pretty neat
3) !!The third is the double exclamation command. This is one of my favorite commands and also a very useful one. It tells the system to redo your last command. The advantage is that you can use it in combination with other commands. For example sudo !! will run the previous command as root!
The single exclamation ! also has an interesting use case. Using ‘history’ you can print the history of command and then select the command which you can to run by ! <sr. no>
!<sr.no> For running the nth recent command, you can type
!-<n>
Example- !-2 (For the second recent command)4) sudo susudo su makes you the root user, so you won’t have to write ‘sudo’ every time you want to run a command as root. So every command is executed with root privileges. To go back you can type ‘exit’ and exit from the root. You should be careful not to damage any important files though!
5) history (I have given a single spacebar before history)For our fifth command, let’s see one to bypass history. As you might know, the ‘history’ command is used to print all the commands you’ve used so far. But what if you don’t want to store the record for a particular command? Now, I don’t know your intentions but you can do it by simply adding a leading space using your spacebar.
Running history again would not have the command in the record.
6) ^string^string2Let’s move on to the sixth one. If you want to make some changes to your previous command and want to do it in a cool and efficient way, what you can do is type this command ^string1^string2. ^ is known as the exponent operator.
Here string 1 is the previous command you wish to change and string 2 is the correct command you wanna replace it with.
So lets say I misspelled ‘ecoho’ what I can do it type this command as
^ecoho^echo^echoho(incorrent spelling) followed by ^echo(correct spelling). Now this would give me the desired output.
7) cmatrixFor the last one, we have ‘cmatrix’. You can install this using sudo apt-get install cmatrix. And when you run it, you get this pretty nice animation of this matrix pattern. And you can press Ctrl + c to exit. Useful? Probably no,… Amazing? Definitely yes!
So these are the 7 linux commands you should know. To recap we discussed:
- Making multiple directories
- Tree command for a tree representation of your directory
- Double exclamation to repeat the previous command
- sudo su to change into the root user, exit‘ to exit
- Leading space to bypass history
- Making changes to your previous command using the exponent operator
- And cmatrix to view a nice animation
So that’s it for the blog post. If you want to check out the video for this post, you can check it out here: https://youtu.be/6_0Ws2kHzE4
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